Investigation into the role of naturally occurring neurotoxins as the cause of Lorikeet Paralysis Syndrome

For more than 15 years, thousands of rainbow lorikeets in southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales have been struck by a serious condition called Lorikeet Paralysis Syndrome (LPS). Birds with LPS gradually lose the ability to move, eventually becoming unable to fly, walk, or even lift their heads. Without help, they often die from dehydration, starvation, or predators.

This has become a major wildlife welfare issue, especially in summer. In 2024, wildlife hospitals were receiving more than 200 affected lorikeets every day at the peak of the outbreak. Although many birds can recover with intensive care, the long treatment time places enormous pressure on wildlife carers and veterinarians, and sadly many birds must be euthanised during the busiest periods.

Early evidence suggests that LPS may be caused by a toxin the birds are eating, possibly a type of botulism toxin, but the exact cause is still unknown. This project aims to identify the source of the problem using two approaches. First, we will test lorikeets from affected areas for plant based or fermentation related toxins. Second, we will investigate possible environmental sources—such as spoiled fruit, insects, spiders, and moulds—by safely testing whether these items can reproduce LPS like signs in chicks under controlled conditions. Any samples that cause symptoms will then be analysed for botulism toxins.

Understanding the cause of LPS is vital. Lorikeets play an important role as pollinators, so their decline can affect broader ecosystems. They also act as early warning indicators of environmental toxins that could threaten other wildlife, pets, or even people. Identifying the toxin responsible will allow us to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies and help protect one of Australia’s most iconic bird species.